Loaded IDT!

Many code changes, many undocumented. Documentation and cleanup is next.

Fixed a lot of bugs related to IDT structure. Changed the IDT paradigm
to be dynamically written isntead of statically to account for nobits on
that section.
Also added a gdb remote debugger automatic script, for simplicity in
debugging.

connect_gdb.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+i686-elf-gdb build/ukern.elf \
+    -ex "target remote localhost:1234" \
+    -ex "break start" \
+    -ex "continue"

include/idt.h

@@ -3,24 +3,24 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 typedef struct InterruptDescriptor_s {
-    uint16_t offset_1;
+    uint16_t offset_lo;
     uint16_t selector;
     uint8_t reserved;
     uint8_t attributes;
-    uint16_t offset_2;
+    uint16_t offset_hi;
 } InterruptDescriptor_t;
 
 typedef struct IDTR_s {
     uint16_t size;
     InterruptDescriptor_t* IDT;
-} IDTR_t;
+} __attribute__((packed)) IDTR_t;
 
 extern IDTR_t idtr;
-extern InterruptDescriptor_t* idt_start;
+extern InterruptDescriptor_t idt_start;
-extern char num_interrupts;
+extern unsigned char num_interrupts;
 
 void setup_idt();
 void write_descriptors();
-void load_idt();
+extern void load_idt();
 
 #endif

include/interrupt_handlers.h

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #ifndef INTERRUPTHANDLERS_H
 #define INTERRUPTHANDLERS_H
 #include <stdint.h>
-extern void* isr_ptrs;
 
+extern void (*isr_ptrs[])(void);
+
+//Struct is built "backwards" since it is pushed in this order.
 typedef struct StateSnapshot_s {
-    uint32_t eax, ecx, edx, ebx, esp, esi, edi;
+    uint32_t edi, esi, esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax;
     uint32_t interrupt_id, error_code;
     uint32_t eip, cs, eflags;
 } StateSnapshot_t;

src/allocidt.s

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
-%define NUM_INTERRUPTS 32
+%define NUM_INTERRUPTS 255
-global idtr, idt_start, num_interrupts
+global idtr, idt_start, num_interrupts, load_idt
-section .idtr
+
+section .text
+    load_idt:
+       lidt [idtr]
+       ret
+
+section .idtr align=8
     num_interrupts:
         db NUM_INTERRUPTS
     idtr:
-        ;Normally, the size would be the size of the whole table, but i'm only defining 32 interrupts for now.
+        ;IDTR looks like the size (minus 1) and then the pointer to the start of it.
-        ;dw idt_end - idt_start
+        dw 0
-        dw NUM_INTERRUPTS * 8
+        dd 0
-        dd idt_start
 section .idt nobits
     idt_start:
-        resb NUM_INTERRUPTS * 8 
+        resb (NUM_INTERRUPTS+1) * 8 
-    idt_end:
 

src/gdt.s

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ section .gdt_sect
         db 0
         db 0b10001001
         dw 0
+        gdt_end:
     gdtr:
-        dw gdtr - gdt - 1
+        dw gdt_end - gdt - 1
         dd gdt    
 

src/idt.c

@@ -1,18 +1,35 @@
 #include "idt.h"
-
+#include "interrupt_handlers.h"
 
 void setup_idt() {
+    idtr.size = (sizeof(InterruptDescriptor_t) * 256) - 1;
+    idtr.IDT = &idt_start;
     write_descriptors();
     load_idt();
 }
 
 void write_descriptors() {
     
-    for(int i = 0; i < num_interrupts; i++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i <= num_interrupts; i++) {
+        uint32_t current_isr = (uint32_t)isr_ptrs[i];
+        InterruptDescriptor_t* current_idt_entry = idtr.IDT + (i*8);
+        
+        // Offset bits 0-15
+        current_idt_entry->offset_lo = current_isr & 0xFFFF;
+        current_idt_entry->offset_hi = current_isr >> 16;
+        current_idt_entry->selector = 0x08; // GDT index = 1 (kernel code seg), TI = 0 (pull from GDT, not LDT), RPL = 0 (ring 0)
+        //Attributes is a complex field. Lets break it down:
+        //First 4 bits is the gate type. Task, interrupt, trap.
+        //bit 44 is a zero
+        //Bits 45-46 is DPL - or what rings can access the interrupt via the INT instruction.
+        if(i < 32)
+            //All interrupt gates, only R0 can access.
+            current_idt_entry->attributes = 0b10001110;
+        else
+            //All interrupt gates, all rings can use these ints.
+            current_idt_entry->attributes = 0b11101110;
+
         
     }
 }
 
-void load_idt() {
-    return;
-}

src/interrupts.s

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ isr_%1:
 
 
 %assign j 0
-%rep 32
+%rep 255
     isr_ %+ j:
        ISR_ENTRY j
 %assign j j+1
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ isr_%1:
 ; Generate a table of pointers that point to each of our ISRs. This will be accessed from C to setup our IDT.
 isr_ptrs:
     %assign i 0
-    %rep 32
+    %rep 255
         dd isr_ %+ i 
     %assign i i+1
     %endrep

src/kio.c

@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ void vga_printdec(uint32_t out) {
 void vga_printf(const char* fmt, ...) {
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
-    
     while(*fmt) {
         if(*fmt == '%') {
             fmt++;

src/kttools.c

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
  */
 void i_to_str(uint32_t num, char* buf, int size, int radix) {
     //null terminate the string
+    if(num == 0){
+        buf[0] = '0';
+        buf[1] = '\0';
+        return;
+    }
     buf[--size] = '\0';
     while(size > 0 && (num) != 0){
         int isolated_num = num % radix;

src/main.c

@@ -4,15 +4,24 @@
 #include "kio.h"
 #include "kttools.h"
 #include "kmultiboot.h"
-
+#include "idt.h"
 //finally, main.
 void kern_main(uint32_t multiboot_magic, mb_info_t* multiboot_info)
 {
     //Hello C! Let's get to work in cleaning up our environment a bit and creating some safety.
     //First interrupts.
+    vga_clear();
+    vga_printf("IDT base = %X", idtr.IDT);
     
 
+    setup_idt();
     
+    vga_printf("IDT test :)");
+    int x = 5;
+    int y = 1;
+    x = x / (y-1);
+    
+    vga_printf("%d", x);
     //wipe the screen
 	vga_clear();
 	//We're going to use this buffer as our 8char hex representation for reading mem
@@ -28,5 +37,6 @@ void kern_main(uint32_t multiboot_magic, mb_info_t* multiboot_info)
 
     vga_printf("MEM_LOWER:%X\n", multiboot_info->mem_lower);
     vga_printf("MEM_UPPER:%X\n", multiboot_info->mem_upper);
+    
 }